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Hip ultrasonography is an accurate modality, but it requires a certain level of experience to achieve acceptable performance 5. Hip radiography and ultrasonography are widely used screening tools for diagnosing DDH. In our previous study, we reported that the rate of late diagnosis (diagnosed ≥ 1 year) was 10-12% in Japan, which is concerning 1. However, treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with DDH dislocation at the age of ≥ 1 year vary, suggesting that early detection and treatment are essential for good outcomes. Early detection and treatment of DDH-related dislocations is highly effective, with a > 80% success rate 2, 3, 4. In our previous study, the incidence of DDH-related dislocations was 0.076% in Japan 1.
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DDH is one of the most common hip diseases in infants. Similar content being viewed by othersĭevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a cluster of hip developmental disorders, including dislocation, subluxation, and acetabular dysplasia. We believe our model is a useful diagnostic assistant tool. Our deep learning model provides good diagnostic performance for DDH. This is the first study to establish a model for detecting DDH using YOLOv5. This model also outperformed the SSD model. The sensitivity and the specificity of our best YOLOv5 model (YOLOv5l) were 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.73–1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.89–0.99), respectively. Of these, 30 normal and 17 DDH hip images were used as the test dataset. A total of 305 anteroposterior hip radiography images (205 normal and 100 DDH hip images) were collected. Using their radiography images, transfer learning was performed to develop a deep learning model using the “You Only Look Once” v5 (YOLOv5) and single shot multi-box detector (SSD). Patients younger than 12 months who underwent hip radiography between June 2009 and November 2021 were selected. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model for detecting DDH. Hip radiography is a convenient diagnostic tool for DDH, but its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on the interpreter’s level of experience. Gonadal shielding is recommended for male dogs.Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a cluster of hip development disorders and one of the most common hip diseases in infants. Radiation Safety: Proper collimation and protection of attendants is the responsibility of the veterinarian. Grid techniques are recommended for all large dogs. Good contrast is desirable (high mAs, low kVp).
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Films may be returned if a $5.00 fee and request for return are both included at the time of submission. This will require about a 15% increase in the kVp to make an exact duplicate of the radiograph sent to OFA. If a copy is necessary, ask your veterinarian to insert 2 films in the cassette prior to making the exposure. Small film sizes can be used for smaller breeds if the area between the sacrum and the stifles can be included. The OFA recommends evaluation when the dog is in good physical condition.Ĭhemical restraint (anesthesia) is not required by OFA but chemical restraint to the point of muscle relaxation is recommended. With chemical restraint, optimum patient positioning is easier with minimal repeat radiographs (less radiation exposure) and a truer representation of the hip status is obtained.įor large and giant breed dogs, 14″ x 17″ film size is recommended. Physical inactivity because of illness, weather, or the owner’s management practices may also result in some degree of joint laxity. Radiography of females in estrus or pregnant should be avoided due to possible increased joint laxity (subluxation) from hormonal variations. OFA recommends radiographs be taken one month after weaning pups and one month before or after a heat cycle. Sire and dam information should also be present. It is important to record on the OFA application the animal’s tattoo or microchip number in order for the OFA to submit results to the AKC. Both the owner and vet should complete and sign their respective sections of the OFA application. If this required information is illegible or missing, the OFA cannot accept the film for registration purposes. The radiograph must be permanently identified with the animal’s registration number or name, the date the radiograph was taken, and the veterinarian’s name or hospital name. For elbows, the animal is placed on its side and the respective elbow is placed in an extreme flexed position. Chemical restraint (anesthesia) to the point of relaxation is recommended. The knees (stifles) are rotated internally and the pelvis is symmetric. To obtain this view, the animal must be placed on its back in dorsal recumbency with the rear limbs extended and parallel to each other. This view is accepted world wide for detection and assessment of hip joint irregularities and secondary arthritic hip joint changes. Radiographs submitted to the OFA should follow the American Veterinary Medical Association recommendations for positioning.